Distribution of dissolved and particulate metals in Antarcti

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TitleDistribution of dissolved and particulate metals in Antarctic sea iceAbstractSamples were collected in East Antarctic sea ice in late winter/early austral spring 2007 to assess the distributions of Al, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd and Ba. Total dissolved (< 0.2 Î¼m) and particulate (> 0.2 Î¼m) concentrations were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in snow, pack ice and fast ice. Particulate concentrations were also determined in underlying seawater for these elements. The concentrations of particulate metals were one to two orders of magnitude higher in sea ice than in snow and seawater, except for Mo and Cr. Barite maxima in sea ice vertical profiles at all sites may indicate heterotrophic activity. Particulate Al and Mn distributions suggest a signal from Antarctica's shelf sediments.Dissolved metals were one order of magnitude higher in sea ice as compared to snow, although they were not enriched in sea ice as compared to data reported in the literature for Antarctic surface waters. An analysis of dissolved-to-total metal ratios showed that all studied metals were found almost exclusively in the dissolved phase in Antarctic pack ice. Dissolved metals distributions indicate that spatial variability does not seem to be strong. Our results also demonstrate that dissolved Al, Cr, Mo and Ba behaved conservatively with bulk ice salinity gradients. This would confirm the main source of trace metals to Antarctic sea ice comes from seawater and not from direct atmospheric deposition. Dissolved bioactive metals Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations were scattered when plotted against bulk ice salinity, but did not show a seasonal decrease nor reach limitation status. Finally, seasonal ice melt does not seem to contribute significantly to the supply of dissolved bioactive metals, other than Fe, to Antarctic surface waters. Â© 2011 Elsevier B.V.Funding DetailsARC, Australian Research Council; ARC, Division of Arctic Sciences; SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research; CRCs, Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry; 851.20.046; 2767, AAS, American Antiquarian Society; SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

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1st AuthorLannuzel, D. AuthorLannuzel, D.Bowie, A.van der Merwe, P.Townsend, A.Schoemann, V.Year2011JournalMarine ChemistryVolume124Number4-JanPages134-146DOI10.1016/j.marchem.2011.01.004URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/recor.....5352dadd025420ebaf2ffc868Keywordsatmospheric depositionbaritebioactivitydissolved matterhydrogeochemistryinductively coupled plasma methodmetalpack iceparticulate matterquantitative analysissea iceseasonal variationseawaterspatial variationsurface water, AntarcticaSouthern OceanAuthor KeywordsBioactive metalsBiogeochemistryPack iceSouthern ocean

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CitationLannuzel, D., Bowie, A., van der Merwe, P., Townsend, A. and Schoemann, V. (2011). Distribution of dissolved and particulate metals in Antarctic sea ice. Marine Chemistry, 124(1-4):134-146