Personal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic

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TitlePersonal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic coastal environment associated with two Antarctic research stations, McMurdo Station and Scott BaseAbstractPharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a major source of micropollutants to the aquatic environment. Despite intense research on the fate and effects of PPCPs in temperate climates, there is a paucity of data on their presence in polar environments. This study reports the presence of selected PPCPs in sewage effluents from two Antarctic research stations, the adjacent coastal seawater, sea ice, and biota. Sewage effluents contained bisphenol-A, ethinylestradiol, estrone, methyl triclosan, octylphenol, triclosan, and three UV-filters. The maximum sewage effluent concentrations of 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-1, estrone, ethinylestradiol, and octylphenol exceeded concentrations previously reported. Coastal seawaters contained bisphenol-A, octylphenol, triclosan, three paraben preservatives, and four UV-filters. The sea ice contained a similar range and concentration of PPCPs as the seawater. Benzophenone-3 (preferential accumulation in clams), estradiol, ethinylestradiol, methyl paraben (preferential accumulation in fish, with concentrations correlating negatively with fillet size), octylphenol, and propyl paraben were detected in biota samples. PPCPs were detected in seawater and biota at distances up to 25. km from the research stations WWTP discharges. Sewage effluent discharges and disposal of raw human waste through sea ice cracks have been identified as sources of PPCPs to Antarctic coastal environments. Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.AcknowledgementsWe thank Antarctica New Zealand for providing funding and logistical support for the fieldwork component of this study, made possible through the Christchurch City Council Scholarship. The authors also thank the Keith Laugesen PhD Scholarship for funding support for Philipp Emnet. We thank Professor William Davison, and Professor Ian Shaw for their guidance with this project. The authors thank Dr Miles Lamare (Otago University) and his research team for incorporating this fieldwork into their own field activities during the 2009/10 season. Matt Walters is thanked for assistance with preparing figures.

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1st AuthorEmnet, P.AuthorEmnet, P.Gaw, S.Northcott, G.Storey, B.Graham, L.Year2015JournalEnvironmental ResearchVolume136Pages331-342DOI10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.019URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/recor.....9c4d66af0efc82af26cc75ba8Keywords3 (4 methylbenzylidene)camphor4 hydroxybenzoic acid ester4 methylbenzylidene4 octylphenol4, 4' isopropylidenediphenolbenzophenone 1benzyl derivativecamphorestradiolestroneethinylestradiolmethyl parabenmethyltriclosanoxybenzonepropyl parabensea watersteroid hormonetriclosanunclassified drugdrughormonesteroidwater pollutant, biotacoastal zonedrugpollutant sourcepreservativesea iceseawatersewagesteroid, AntarcticaArticlebioaccumulationcoastal watersconcentration (parameters)hygiene productresearchsea icesewage effluentwaste disposalanalysisAntarcticaquality controlsolid phase extractionwater pollutant, AntarcticaEast AntarcticaMcMurdo StationRoss IslandScott Base, Antarctic RegionsHormonesPharmaceutical PreparationsQuality ControlSolid Phase ExtractionSteroidsWater Pollutants, Chemical, rank5Author KeywordsAntarcticaPPCPsSea iceSeawaterWastewater

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TypeArticleCitationEmnet, P., Gaw, S., Northcott, G., Storey, B. and Graham, L. (2015). Personal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic coastal environment associated with two Antarctic research stations, McMurdo Station and Scott Base. Environmental Research, 136: 331-342