A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the n

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TitleA roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyondAbstractAntarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic community came together to scan the horizon Ìto identify the highest priority scientific questions that researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven topics: i) Antarctic atmosphere and global connections, ii) Southern Ocean and sea ice in a warming world, iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond, and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples. Sustained year-round access to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean will be essential to increase winter-time measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making. A co-ordinated portfolio of cross-disciplinary science, based on new models of international collaboration, will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone. Copyright 2014 Antarctic Science.AcknowledgementsThe authors of this paper and the organizers of the 1st SCAR Antarctic and Southern Ocean Science Horizon Scan recognize the financial support that made this event possible. Major financial support was provided by the Tinker Foundation. Substantial financial support was provided by Antarctica New Zealand, The New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP), the Alfred Wegner Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum fÃ¼r Polar und Meeresforschung (Germany), and the British Antarctic Survey (UK). Support was provided by the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (Australia), the Canadian Polar Commission, the Climate and Cryosphere Program, the Instituto AntÃ¡rtico Chileno, Kelly TarltonÅ› Sea Life Aquarium, the Korean Polar Research Institute, Monash University (Australia), the National Institute of Polar Research (Japan), New Zealand Post, the Polar Research Institute of China, the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (Italy) and the University of Malaya. The support of the SCAR Secretariat and Antarctica New Zealand staff is gratefully recognized. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Finally, thank you to those that submitted questions and nominated Retreat attendees. The contribution of each author is specified in Supplemental Table S1.Funding DetailsSCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research; Tinker Foundation

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1st AuthorKennicutt, M.AuthorKennicutt, M.Chown, S.Cassano, J.Liggett, D.Peck, L.Massom, R.Rintoul, S.Storey, J.Vaughan, D.Wilson, T.Allison, I.Ayton, J.Badhe, R.Baeseman, J.Barrett, P.Bell, R.Bertler, N.Bo, S.Brandt, A.Bromwich, D.Cary, S.Clark, M.Convey, P.Costa, E.Cowan, D.Deconto, R.Dunbar, R.Elfring, C.Escutia, C.Francis, J.Fricker, H.Fukuchi, M.Gilbert, N.Gutt, J.Havermans, C.Hik, D.Hosie, G.Jones, C.Kim, Y.Le Maho, Y.Lee, S.Leppe, M.Leitchenkov, G.Li, X.Lipenkov, V.Lochte, K.Lopez-Martinez, J.Ludecke, C.Lyons, W.Marenssi, S.Miller, H.Morozova, P.Naish, T.Nayak, S.Ravindra, R.Retamales, J.Ricci, C.Rogan-Finnemore, M.Ropert-Coudert, Y.Samah, A.Sanson, L.Scambos, T.Schloss, I.Shiraishi, K.Siegert, M.Simoes, J.Storey, B.Sparrow, M.Wall, D.Walsh, J.Wilson, G.Winther, J.Xavier, J.Yang, H.Sutherland, W.Year2015JournalAntarctic ScienceVolume27Number1Pages3/18/17DOI10.1017/S0954102014000674URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/recor.....8d4bd42ac3aa70f9d24faadb5Keywordsrank5

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TypeArticleCitationKennicutt, M., Chown, S., Cassano, J., Liggett, D., Peck, L., Massom, R., Rintoul, S., Storey, J., Vaughan, D., Wilson, T., Allison, I., Ayton, J., Badhe, R., Baeseman, J., Barrett, P., Bell, R., Bertler, N., Bo, S., Brandt, A., Bromwich, D., Cary, S., Clark, M., Convey, P., Costa, E., Cowan, D., Deconto, R., Dunbar, R., Elfring, C., Escutia, C., Francis, J., Fricker, H., Fukuchi, M., Gilbert, N., Gutt, J., Havermans, C., Hik, D., Hosie, G., Jones, C., Kim, Y., Le Maho, Y., Lee, S., Leppe, M., Leitchenkov, G., Li, X., Lipenkov, V., Lochte, K., Lopez-Martinez, J., Ludecke, C., Lyons, W., Marenssi, S., Miller, H., Morozova, P., Naish, T., Nayak, S., Ravindra, R., Retamales, J., Ricci, C., Rogan-Finnemore, M., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Samah, A., Sanson, L., Scambos, T., Schloss, I., Shiraishi, K., Siegert, M., Simoes, J., Storey, B., Sparrow, M., Wall, D., Walsh, J., Wilson, G., Winther, J., Xavier, J., Yang, H. and Sutherland, W. (2015). A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond. Antarctic Science, 27(1): 3-18 IdentifierKennicutt2015Relevancerank5

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