The inter-valley soil comparative survey: The ecology of dry

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TitleThe inter-valley soil comparative survey: The ecology of dry valley edaphic microbial communitiesAbstractRecent applications of molecular genetics to edaphic microbial communities of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and elsewhere have rejected a long-held belief that Antarctic soils contain extremely limited microbial diversity. The Inter-Valley Soil Comparative Survey aims to elucidate the factors shaping these unique microbial communities and their biogeography by integrating molecular genetic approaches with biogeochemical analyses. Although the microbial communities of Dry Valley soils may be complex, there is little doubt that the ecosystem's food web is relatively simple, and evidence suggests that physicochemical conditions may have the dominant role in shaping microbial communities. To examine this hypothesis, bacterial communities from representative soil samples collected in four geographically disparate Dry Valleys were analyzed using molecular genetic tools, including pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. Results show that the four communities are structurally and phylogenetically distinct, and possess significantly different levels of diversity. Strikingly, only 2 of 214 phylotypes were found in all four valleys, challenging a widespread assumption that the microbiota of the Dry Valleys is composed of a few cosmopolitan species. Analysis of soil geochemical properties indicated that salt content, alongside altitude and Cu 2+, was significantly correlated with differences in microbial communities. Our results indicate that the microbial ecology of Dry Valley soils is highly localized and that physicochemical factors potentially have major roles in shaping the microbiology of ice-free areas of Antarctica. These findings hint at links between Dry Valley glacial geomorphology and microbial ecology, and raise previously unrecognized issues related to environmental management of this unique ecosystem. Copyright 2012 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved.AcknowledgementsThis research was supported by Foundation for Research, Science and Technology of New Zealand through an IPY grant to SCC and a FRST Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to CKL (UOWX0715). The New Zealand Marsden Fund provided financial support for CKL (UOW1003). Logistic support for field research was provided by Antarctica New Zealand. We thank Dr Jo-Ann Stanton of University of Otago for assistance with pyrosequencing of PCR amplicons, and we acknowledge Dr Susanna Wood of Cawthron Institute for useful discussions on the analysis of community genetic profiling results. We are grateful to Dr Megan Balks of University of Waikato for her comments on the geology of study sites.

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1st AuthorLee, C.AuthorLee, C.Barbier, B.Bottos, E.McDonald, I.Cary, S.Year2012JournalISME JournalVolume6Number5Pages1046-1057DOI10.1038/ismej.2011.170URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/recor.....44e0199dbb0d311e827d48649Keywordsbacterial DNAiceRNA 16S, arid regionbacteriumbiogeographycomparative studycopperenvironmental managementgenetic analysisgeomorphologyionmicrobial activitymicrobial communitymolecular analysisphylogeneticsphysicochemical propertypolymerase chain reactionsoil microorganismsoil surveyspecies diversity, AntarcticaarticlebacteriumchemistryclassificationdesiccationDNA sequenceecosystemgeneticsgrowth, development and agingmetagenomemicrobiologyphylogenysoil, Antarctic RegionsBacteriaDesiccationDNA, BacterialEcosystemIceMetagenomePhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, DNASoilSoil Microbiology, Antarctica, Bacteria (microorganisms), rank5Author KeywordsAntarcticaDry Valleysgeochemistrymineral soil

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TypeArticleCitationThe inter-valley soil comparative survey: The ecology of dry valley edaphic microbial communitiesIdentifierLee2012Relevancerank5

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Cary, S.