Antarctic microbial communities are functionally redundant
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TitleAntarctic microbial communities are functionally redundant, adapted and resistant to short term temperature perturbationsAbstractClimate change has the potential to induce dramatic shifts in the biodiversity and functionality of soil microorganisms in polar hyperarid ecosystems. In these depauperate soil ecosystems, microbial communities are vital as they represent the dominant input sources of essential nutrients. However, the effects of changing climate on extreme edaphic environments, such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, remain poorly understood. To better understand these effects, we constructed soil microcosms and simulated temperature shifts over a 40-day period. Soil physicochemical analysis revealed low levels of key nutrients, with mean organic carbon and nitrogen contents of <0.1 percent and 11.55 ppm, respectively. We also applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine taxonomic composition and enzyme assays to measure in situ activity. Our data showed a prevalence of ubiquitous soil taxa (Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Deinococcus-Thermus), with a smaller proportion of autotrophic phyla (i.e. Cyanobacteria). None of the major phyla showed relative abundance changes in response to temperature. We found very low extracellular enzyme activity levels across all samples and observed no significant differences among temperature treatments. Functional predictions (using PICRUSt) revealed the putative presence of key genes implicated in the cycling of carbon (ppc, rbcl) and nitrogen (nifH, nirK), in stress response and in DNA repair throughout all treatments. Overall, our results suggest that short-term temperature fluctuations do not alter microbial biodiversity and functionality in Antarctic soils. This study provides the first evidence that microbial communities within this edaphic extreme environment may be functionally redundant, adapted and resistant to short term climatic perturbations. Copyright 2016 Elsevier LtdAcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the National Research Foundation (NRF) (Grant ID 100052 SZdS, 99320 TPM, 93074 for DAC), the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP e Grant ID SNA14070974748), and the University of Pretoria (Genomics Research Institute and the Research Development Program) for funding. We also thank the New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute (NZARI) for funding and Antarctica New Zealand for field and logistics support. We wish to acknowledge Mr. M. Van Goethem, Mr. R. Johnson and Dr. S.Funding Details100052, NRF, National Research Foundation; 93074, NRF, National Research Foundation; 99320, NRF, National Research Foundation; UP, University of Pretoria
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1st Authorde Scally, S.Authorde Scally, S.Makhalanyane, T.Frossard, A.Hogg, I.Cowan, D.Year2016JournalSoil Biology and BiochemistryVolume103Pages160-170DOI10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.013URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/recor.....66bd9c79acbc4e176c654a1e1Keywordsrank5
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TypeArticleCitationde Scally, S., Makhalanyane, T., Frossard, A., Hogg, I. and Cowan, D. (2016). Antarctic microbial communities are functionally redundant, adapted and resistant to short term temperature perturbations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 103: 160-170 IdentifierdeScally2016Relevancerank5
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Cowan, D., Antarctic microbial communities are functionally redundant, [deScally2016]. Antarctica NZ, accessed 14/09/2026, https://adam.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nodes/view/63753, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.013